Coordinated Roles of the Putative Ceramide-Conjugation Protein, Cwh43, and a Mn 2+ -Transporting, P-Type ATPase, Pmr1, in Fission Yeast.
Genetically controlled mechanisms of cell division and quiescence are vital for responding to changes in the nutritional environment and for cell survival. Previously, we have characterized temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the  cwh43  gene in fission yeast,  Schizosaccharomyces pombe , which is required for both cell proliferation and nitrogen starvation-induced G0 quiescence. Cwh43 encodes an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein that localizes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Defects in this protein fail to divide in low glucose and lose mitotic competence under nitrogen starvation, and also affect lipid metabolism. Here, we identified mutations of the  pmr1  gene, which encodes an evolutionarily conserved Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ -transporting P-type ATPase, as potent extragenic suppressors of ts mutants of the  cwh43  gene. Intriguingly, these  pmr1  mutations specifically suppressed the ts phenotype of  cwh43  mutants, among five P-type Ca 2+ - and/or Mn 2+ -ATPases reported in this organism. Cwh43 and Pmr1 co-localized in the ER. In  cwh43  mutant cells, addition of excessive manganese to culture media enhanced the severe defect in cell morphology, and caused abnormal accumulation of a cell wall component, 1, 3-β-glucan. In contrast, these abnormal phenotypes were abolished by deletion of the  pmr1  +  gene, as well as by removal of Mn 2+  from the culture medium. Furthermore, nutrition-related phenotypes of  cwh43  mutant cells were rescued in the absence of Pmr1. Our findings indicate that the cellular processes regulated by Cwh43 are appropriately balanced with Pmr1-mediated Mn 2+  transport into the ER.
Nakazawa N, Xu X, Arakawa O, Yanagida M