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protein coding gene - gar2 (SPAC140.02) - nucleolin, nucleolar histone chaperone required for rRNA metabolism

Gene summary

Standard name
gar2
Systematic ID
SPAC140.02
Product
nucleolin, nucleolar histone chaperone required for rRNA metabolism
Organism
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)
UniProt ID
P41891
ORFeome ID
24/24D02
Characterisation status
biological role published
Feature type
mRNA gene
Genomic location
chromosome I: 1897462..1899491 forward strand

Annotation

Comment

PBO:0016891 - longer transcript expressed during cold shock due to altered 3'-end processing

References:

Complementation

PBO:0016927 - functionally complements S. cerevisiae NSR1

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GO biological process

GO:0006338 - chromatin remodeling

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GO:0042254 - ribosome biogenesis

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GO:0016072 - rRNA metabolic process

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GO cellular component

GO:0001651 - dense fibrillar component

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GO:0005730 - nucleolus

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GO molecular function

GO:0140713 - histone chaperone activity

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GO:0003723 - RNA binding

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Genome organisation

PBO:0002125 - alternative transcripts

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Modification

MOD:00046 - O-phospho-L-serine

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MOD:00047 - O-phospho-L-threonine

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MOD:00696 - phosphorylated residue

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MOD:01149 - sumoylated lysine

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MOD:01148 - ubiquitinylated lysine

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Multi-locus phenotype

FYPO:0007376 - abolished epigenetic heterochromatin inheritance

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007480 - decreased spatial extent of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0004948 - increased spatial extent of centromeric heterochromatin assembly

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Genotypes:

Protein features

PBO:0111764 - rrm RNA recognition motif

Qualitative gene expression

PomGeneEx:0000019 - protein level decreased

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PomGeneEx:0000027 - ribosomal density decreased

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PomGeneEx:0000012 - RNA level decreased

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Quantitative gene expression

PBO:0006310 - protein level

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PBO:0011963 - RNA level

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Single locus phenotype

FYPO:0003698 - abnormal dense body present in nucleolus

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002736 - abnormal mitotic cell cycle phase

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000361 - abnormal nucleolar morphology

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003697 - cell wall invagination into cytoplasm

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000080 - decreased cell population growth at low temperature

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003743 - decreased cell population growth during glucose starvation

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009053 - decreased cell population growth on glutamate nitrogen source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000684 - decreased cell population growth on glycerol carbon source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009091 - decreased cell population growth on lysine and proline nitrogen source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009092 - decreased cell population growth on lysine and serine nitrogen source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009073 - decreased cell population growth on lysine nitrogen source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002924 - decreased cell population growth on maltose carbon source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000250 - decreased cell population growth on proline nitrogen source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007562 - decreased cell population growth on serine nitrogen source

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003412 - decreased chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003695 - decreased cytosolic small ribosomal subunit level

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007478 - decreased epigenetic heterochromatin inheritance

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000470 - decreased mating type switching

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003694 - decreased mature 18S rRNA level

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001838 - decreased protein phosphorylation during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001117 - decreased RNA level during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001355 - decreased vegetative cell population growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001122 - elongated vegetative cell

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003696 - increased cytosolic large ribosomal subunit level

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000825 - increased RNA level during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000245 - loss of viability in stationary phase

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002619 - normal growth on sodium butyrate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002620 - normal growth on trichostatin A

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001134 - normal mature 18S rRNA level

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007234 - normal protein localization to centromere central core

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000763 - resistance to cadmium

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001034 - resistance to tunicamycin

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007933 - sensitive to 2,2′-dipyridyl

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001097 - sensitive to amitrole

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009067 - sensitive to amorolfine

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001701 - sensitive to bortezomib

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001501 - sensitive to brefeldin A

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000097 - sensitive to caffeine during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009080 - sensitive to calcofluor and sodium dodecyl sulfate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001188 - sensitive to Calcofluor White

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009069 - sensitive to ciclopirox olamine

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000104 - sensitive to cycloheximide

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000799 - sensitive to diamide

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007931 - sensitive to egtazic acid

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000842 - sensitive to ethanol during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007928 - sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000785 - sensitive to formamide

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000087 - sensitive to hydrogen peroxide

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000088 - sensitive to hydroxyurea

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009071 - sensitive to itraconazole

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001719 - sensitive to lithium

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0006836 - sensitive to magnesium chloride

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009088 - sensitive to magnesium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000089 - sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001214 - sensitive to potassium chloride

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0009082 - sensitive to potassium chloride and methyl methanesulfonate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0007924 - sensitive to potassium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002328 - sensitive to terbinafine

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000797 - sensitive to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000091 - sensitive to thiabendazole

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002701 - sensitive to torin1

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001457 - sensitive to tunicamycin

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000115 - sensitive to valproic acid

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003656 - sensitive to vanadate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0001234 - slow vegetative cell population growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002060 - viable vegetative cell population

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002177 - viable vegetative cell with normal cell morphology

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Genotypes:

Taxonomic conservation

PBO:0011065 - conserved in eukaryotes

PBO:0011071 - conserved in eukaryotes only

PBO:0011064 - conserved in fungi

PBO:0011069 - conserved in metazoa

PBO:0011070 - conserved in vertebrates

PBO:0006222 - predominantly single copy (one to one)

Protein features

IDNameInterPro nameDB name
PF00076RRM_1RRM_domPfam
cd12448RRM2_gar2Gar2_RRM2CDD
PS50102RRMRRM_domPROSITE profiles
SM00360RRMRRM_domSMART
G3DSA:3.30.70.330Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sfCATH-Gene3D
SSF54928RBD_domain_sfSUPERFAMILY
PTHR48024RNA-binding_regPANTHER
mobidb-lite-Disorderdisorder_predictionMobiDB-Disorder
mobidb-lite-Glycine-richdisorder_predictionMobiDB-Glycine-rich
mobidb-lite-Low-complexitydisorder_predictionMobiDB-Low-complexity
mobidb-lite-Negative-Polyelectrolytedisorder_predictionMobiDB-Negative-Polyelectrolyte
mobidb-lite-Polyampholytedisorder_predictionMobiDB-Polyampholyte
mobidb-lite-Positive-Polyelectrolytedisorder_predictionMobiDB-Positive-Polyelectrolyte

Orthologs

References / Literature

PMID:37913773 - TOR inactivation triggers heterochromatin formation in rDNA during glucose starvation.
Hirai H et al. Cell Rep 2023 Nov 28;42(11):113320
PMID:37970674 - SUMOylation regulates Lem2 function in centromere clustering and silencing.
Strachan J et al. J Cell Sci 2023 Dec 01;136(23)
PMID:21760946 - Identification of genes affecting the toxicity of anti-cancer drug bortezomib by genome-wide screening in S. pombe.
Takeda K et al. PLoS One 2011;6(7):e22021
PMID:23697806 - A genome-wide resource of cell cycle and cell shape genes of fission yeast.
Hayles J et al. Open Biol 2013 May 22;3(5):130053
PMID:28218250 - Chromatin remodeller Fun30 Fft3 induces nucleosome disassembly to facilitate RNA polymerase II elongation.
Lee J et al. Nat Commun 2017 Feb 20;8:14527
PMID:34496258 - Transcription and chromatin-based surveillance mechanism controls suppression of cryptic antisense transcription.
Heo DH et al. Cell Rep 2021 Sep 07;36(10):109671
PMID:20473289 - Analysis of a genome-wide set of gene deletions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Kim DU et al. Nat Biotechnol 2010 Jun;28(6):617-623
PMID:27401558 - The Nrd1-like protein Seb1 coordinates cotranscriptional 3' end processing and polyadenylation site selection.
Lemay JF et al. Genes Dev 2016 Jul 01;30(13):1558-72
PMID:21712547 - Mitotic substrates of the kinase aurora with roles in chromatin regulation identified through quantitative phosphoproteomics of fission yeast.
Koch A et al. Sci Signal 2011 Jun 28;4(179):rs6
PMID:19430462 - Decapping is preceded by 3' uridylation in a novel pathway of bulk mRNA turnover.
Rissland OS et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2009 Jun;16(6):616-23
PMID:22681890 - Hierarchical modularity and the evolution of genetic interactomes across species.
Ryan CJ et al. Mol Cell 2012 Jun 08;46(5):691-704
PMID:31064814 - Proximity-dependent biotinylation mediated by TurboID to identify protein-protein interaction networks in yeast.
Larochelle M et al. J Cell Sci 2019 May 31;132(11)
PMID:25720772 - Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals pathways for coordination of cell growth and division by the conserved fission yeast kinase pom1.
Kettenbach AN et al. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015 May;14(5):1275-87
PMID:29899117 - Ccp1 modulates epigenetic stability at centromeres and affects heterochromatin distribution in Schizosaccharomyces pombe .
Lu M et al. J Biol Chem 2018 Aug 03;293(31):12068-12080
PMID:34250083 - Barcode sequencing and a high-throughput assay for chronological lifespan uncover ageing-associated genes in fission yeast.
Romila CA et al. Microb Cell 2021 Jul 05;8(7):146-160
PMID:7596817 - gar2 is a nucleolar protein from Schizosaccharomyces pombe required for 18S rRNA and 40S ribosomal subunit accumulation.
Gulli MP et al. Nucleic Acids Res 1995 Jun 11;23(11):1912-8
PMID:33313903 - Ribosome profiling reveals ribosome stalling on tryptophan codons and ribosome queuing upon oxidative stress in fission yeast.
Rubio A et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2021 Jan 11;49(1):383-399
PMID:24957674 - Yeast X-chromosome-associated protein 5 (Xap5) functions with H2A.Z to suppress aberrant transcripts.
Anver S et al. EMBO Rep 2014 Aug;15(8):894-902
PMID:39705284 - Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal that TORC1 is reactivated by pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in fission yeast.
Bérard M et al. PLoS Biol 2024 Dec 20;22(12):e3002963
PMID:39367033 - Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics profiling of meiotic divisions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Sivakova B et al. Sci Rep 2024 Oct 04;14(1):23105
PMID:21511999 - Comparative functional genomics of the fission yeasts.
Rhind N et al. Science 2011 May 20;332(6032):930-6
PMID:29996109 - Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals the Signaling Dynamics of Cell-Cycle Kinases in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Swaffer MP et al. Cell Rep 2018 Jul 10;24(2):503-514
PMID:17690116 - Cdc18/CDC6 activates the Rad3-dependent checkpoint in the fission yeast.
Fersht N et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2007;35(16):5323-37
PMID:26167880 - SR protein kinases promote splicing of nonconsensus introns.
Lipp JJ et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015 Aug;22(8):611-7
PMID:23658229 - Red5 and three nuclear pore components are essential for efficient suppression of specific mRNAs during vegetative growth of fission yeast.
Sugiyama T et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2013 Jul;41(13):6674-86
PMID:20403971 - Proteomic and functional analysis of the noncanonical poly(A) polymerase Cid14.
Keller C et al. RNA 2010 Jun;16(6):1124-9
PMID:23101633 - Quantitative analysis of fission yeast transcriptomes and proteomes in proliferating and quiescent cells.
Marguerat S et al. Cell 2012 Oct 26;151(3):671-83
PMID:22540037 - Predicting the fission yeast protein interaction network.
Pancaldi V et al. G3 (Bethesda) 2012 Apr;2(4):453-67
PMID:40406582 - The Schizosaccharomyces pombe nucleolar protein Nsk1 modulates rDNA silencing during interphase.
Chen JS et al. MicroPubl Biol 2025;2025
PMID:21652630 - Characterization of Mug33 reveals complementary roles for actin cable-dependent transport and exocyst regulators in fission yeast exocytosis.
Snaith HA et al. J Cell Sci 2011 Jul 01;124(Pt 13):2187-99
PMID:32454109 - Transcription-facilitating histone chaperons interact with genomic and synthetic G4 structures.
Pavlova II et al. Int J Biol Macromol 2020 Oct 01;160:1144-1157
PMID:24634168 - Proteome-wide search for PP2A substrates in fission yeast.
Bernal M et al. Proteomics 2014 Jun;14(11):1367-80
PMID:30726745 - Fission Yeast NDR/LATS Kinase Orb6 Regulates Exocytosis via Phosphorylation of the Exocyst Complex.
Tay YD et al. Cell Rep 2019 Feb 05;26(6):1654-1667.e7
PMID:9211981 - Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of gar2, a fission yeast nucleolar protein structurally related to nucleolin.
Gulli MP et al. Chromosoma 1997 Jun;105(7-8):532-41
PMID:24713849 - Post-transcriptional regulation of meiotic genes by a nuclear RNA silencing complex.
Egan ED et al. RNA 2014 Jun;20(6):867-81
PMID:9211982 - Ultrastructural changes in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nucleolus following the disruption of the gar2+ gene, which encodes a nucleolar protein structurally related to nucleolin.
Léger-Silvestre I et al. Chromosoma 1997 Jun;105(7-8):542-52
PMID:29852001 - New insights into donor directionality of mating-type switching in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Maki T et al. PLoS Genet 2018 May;14(5):e1007424
PMID:28945192 - Regulated Ire1-dependent mRNA decay requires no-go mRNA degradation to maintain endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in S. pombe .
Guydosh NR et al. Elife 2017 Sep 25;6
PMID:39476757 - Characterization of Ksg1 protein kinase-dependent phosphoproteome in the fission yeast S. pombe.
Cipak L et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024 Oct 25;736:150895
PMID:27298342 - Identification of S-phase DNA damage-response targets in fission yeast reveals conservation of damage-response networks.
Willis NA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 Jun 28;113(26):E3676-85
PMID:32101745 - Dense Transposon Integration Reveals Essential Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors Promote Heterochromatin Formation.
Lee SY et al. Cell Rep 2020 Feb 25;30(8):2686-2698.e8
PMID:17213188 - Regulation of the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein by arginine methylation in fission yeast.
Perreault A et al. J Biol Chem 2007 Mar 09;282(10):7552-62
PMID:36361590 - Defining the Functional Interactome of Spliceosome-Associated G-Patch Protein Gpl1 in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe .
Selicky T et al. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Oct 24;23(21)
PMID:25375137 - Systematic analysis of the role of RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of RNA stability.
Hasan A et al. PLoS Genet 2014 Nov;10(11):e1004684
PMID:26537787 - Targeting of SUMO substrates to a Cdc48-Ufd1-Npl4 segregase and STUbL pathway in fission yeast.
Køhler JB et al. Nat Commun 2015 Nov 05;6:8827
PMID:25373780 - A genomic Multiprocess survey of machineries that control and link cell shape, microtubule organization, and cell-cycle progression.
Graml V et al. Dev Cell 2014 Oct 27;31(2):227-239
PMID:30321377 - Proteomic profiling and functional characterization of post-translational modifications of the fission yeast RNA exosome.
Telekawa C et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2018 Nov 30;46(21):11169-11183
PMID:38051102 - Fission Yeast TORC1 Promotes Cell Proliferation through Sfp1, a Transcription Factor Involved in Ribosome Biogenesis.
Tai YT et al. Mol Cell Biol 2023 Dec 05;:1-18
PMID:37787768 - Broad functional profiling of fission yeast proteins using phenomics and machine learning.
Rodríguez-López M et al. Elife 2023 Oct 03;12
PMID:34296454 - The TOR-dependent phosphoproteome and regulation of cellular protein synthesis.
Mak T et al. EMBO J 2021 Aug 16;40(16):e107911
PMID:9693363 - The role of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe gar2 protein in nucleolar structure and function depends on the concerted action of its highly charged N terminus and its RNA-binding domains.
Sicard H et al. Mol Biol Cell 1998 Aug;9(8):2011-23
PMID:8493104 - Study of multiple fibrillarin mRNAs reveals that 3' end formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is sensitive to cold shock.
Girard JP et al. Nucleic Acids Res 1993 Apr 25;21(8):1881-7
PMID:18257517 - Phosphoproteome analysis of fission yeast.
Wilson-Grady JT et al. J Proteome Res 2008 Mar;7(3):1088-97
PMID:16823372 - ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Matsuyama A et al. Nat Biotechnol 2006 Jul;24(7):841-7
PMID:24763107 - Absolute proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics during the cell cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission Yeast).
Carpy A et al. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014 Aug;13(8):1925-36
PMID:22403715 - Regulation of fission yeast morphogenesis by PP2A activator pta2.
Bernal M et al. PLoS One 2012;7(3):e32823
PMID:23861937 - Genome-wide screening for genes associated with valproic acid sensitivity in fission yeast.
Zhang L et al. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e68738