protein coding gene - cds1 (SPCC18B5.11c) - DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1

Gene summary

Standard name

cds1

Systematic ID

SPCC18B5.11c

Product

DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1

Organism

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)

UniProt ID

Q09170

ORFeome ID

36/36F11

Characterisation status

biological role published

Feature type

mRNA gene

Genomic location

chromosome III: 739361..741338 reverse strand

Annotation

Protein features

Orthologs

• CHEK2 (HGNC:16627) Homo sapiens
• cds1 (SJAG_04287) Schizosaccharomyces japonicus
• RAD53 (YPL153C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

References / Literature

PMID:27585850 - Hydroxyurea Induces Cytokinesis Arrest in Cells Expressing a Mutated Sterol-14α-Demethylase in the Ergosterol Biosynthesis Pathway.

Xu YJ et al. Genetics 2016 Nov;204(3):959-973

PMID:11988741 - Maintenance of replication forks and the S-phase checkpoint by Cdc18p and Orp1p.

Murakami H et al. Nat Cell Biol 2002 May;4(5):384-8

PMID:12897162 - Replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 regulates recombinational repair protein Rad60.

Boddy MN et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 Aug;23(16):5939-46

PMID:12081644 - Fission yeast chk1 mutants show distinct responses to different types of DNA damaging treatments.

Francesconi S et al. Genes Cells 2002 Jul;7(7):663-73

PMID:31719112 - Checkpoint Regulation of Nuclear Tos4 Defines S Phase Arrest in Fission Yeast.

Kim SM et al. G3 (Bethesda) 2020 Jan 07;10(1):255-266

PMID:26412298 - A Degenerate Cohort of Yeast Membrane Trafficking DUBs Mediates Cell Polarity and Survival.

Beckley JR et al. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015 Dec;14(12):3132-41

PMID:28922417 - Lingering single-strand breaks trigger Rad51-independent homology-directed repair of collapsed replication forks in the polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase mutant of fission yeast.

Sanchez A et al. PLoS Genet 2017 Sep;13(9):e1007013

PB_REF:0000006 - Disease associations from Monarch via human-pombe orthologs

PMID:10567589 - Characterization of a fission yeast SUMO-1 homologue, pmt3p, required for multiple nuclear events, including the control of telomere length and chromosome segregation.

Tanaka K et al. Mol Cell Biol 1999 Dec;19(12):8660-72

PMID:18931302 - Significant conservation of synthetic lethal genetic interaction networks between distantly related eukaryotes.

Dixon SJ et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 Oct 28;105(43):16653-8

PMID:26746798 - Inner nuclear membrane protein Lem2 facilitates Rad3-mediated checkpoint signaling under replication stress induced by nucleotide depletion in fission yeast.

Xu YJ Cell Signal 2016 Apr;28(4):235-45

PMID:15367656 - Swi1 and Swi3 are components of a replication fork protection complex in fission yeast.

Noguchi E et al. Mol Cell Biol 2004 Oct;24(19):8342-55

PMID:23703609 - TORC2 is required to maintain genome stability during S phase in fission yeast.

Schonbrun M et al. J Biol Chem 2013 Jul 05;288(27):19649-60

PMID:29123917 - The telomere bouquet facilitates meiotic prophase progression and exit in fission yeast.

Moiseeva V et al. Cell Discov 2017;3:17041

PMID:27298342 - Identification of S-phase DNA damage-response targets in fission yeast reveals conservation of damage-response networks.

Willis NA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 Jun 28;113(26):E3676-85

PMID:28357272 - A central role for TOR signalling in a yeast model for juvenile CLN3 disease.

Bond ME et al. Microb Cell 2015 Nov 11;2(12):466-480

PMID:24875629 - Essential domains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad8 required for DNA damage response.

Ding L et al. G3 (Bethesda) 2014 May 28;4(8):1373-84

PMID:18378696 - Molecular characterization of the role of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nip1+/ctp1+ gene in DNA double-strand break repair in association with the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex.

Akamatsu Y et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008 Jun;28(11):3639-51

PMID:11073995 - Rdp1, a novel zinc finger protein, regulates the DNA damage response of rhp51(+) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Shim YS et al. Mol Cell Biol 2000 Dec;20(23):8958-68

PMID:10888871 - Mitotic replication initiation proteins are not required for pre-meiotic S phase.

Forsburg SL et al. Nat Genet 2000 Jul;25(3):263-8

PMID:9524127 - Hus1p, a conserved fission yeast checkpoint protein, interacts with Rad1p and is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage.

Kostrub CF et al. EMBO J 1998 Apr 01;17(7):2055-66

PMID:21561865 - The phosphorylation network for efficient activation of the DNA replication checkpoint in fission yeast.

Yue M et al. J Biol Chem 2011 Jul 01;286(26):22864-74

PMID:21132016 - Yox1 links MBF-dependent transcription to completion of DNA synthesis.

Gómez-Escoda B et al. EMBO Rep 2011 Jan;12(1):84-9

PMID:24006488 - The DNA damage and the DNA replication checkpoints converge at the MBF transcription factor.

Ivanova T et al. Mol Biol Cell 2013 Nov;24(21):3350-7

PMID:18818364 - Conservation and rewiring of functional modules revealed by an epistasis map in fission yeast.

Roguev A et al. Science 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):405-10

PMID:21098122 - Mre11 nuclease activity and Ctp1 regulate Chk1 activation by Rad3ATR and Tel1ATM checkpoint kinases at double-strand breaks.

Limbo O et al. Mol Cell Biol 2011 Feb;31(3):573-83

PMID:30148840 - Tdp1 processes chromate-induced single-strand DNA breaks that collapse replication forks.

Ganguly A et al. PLoS Genet 2018 Aug;14(8):e1007595

PMID:12589755 - The fission yeast spSet1p is a histone H3-K4 methyltransferase that functions in telomere maintenance and DNA repair in an ATM kinase Rad3-dependent pathway.

Kanoh J et al. J Mol Biol 2003 Feb 28;326(4):1081-94

PMID:11809834 - Fission yeast F-box protein Pof3 is required for genome integrity and telomere function.

Katayama S et al. Mol Biol Cell 2002 Jan;13(1):211-24

PMID:22682874 - Sensor and effector kinases in DNA damage checkpoint regulate capacity for homologous recombination repair of fission yeast in G2 phase.

Yasuhira S et al. DNA Repair (Amst) 2012 Aug 01;11(8):666-75

PMID:12181326 - Characterization of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain deleted for a sequence homologue of the human damaged DNA binding 1 (DDB1) gene.

Zolezzi F et al. J Biol Chem 2002 Oct 25;277(43):41183-91

PMID:15643072 - Mcl1p is a polymerase alpha replication accessory factor important for S-phase DNA damage survival.

Williams DR et al. Eukaryot Cell 2005 Jan;4(1):166-77

PMID:10825192 - Mechanism of caffeine-induced checkpoint override in fission yeast.

Moser BA et al. Mol Cell Biol 2000 Jun;20(12):4288-94

PMID:17690116 - Cdc18/CDC6 activates the Rad3-dependent checkpoint in the fission yeast.

Fersht N et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2007;35(16):5323-37

PMID:34108240 - The intra-S phase checkpoint directly regulates replication elongation to preserve the integrity of stalled replisomes.

Liu Y et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 Jun 15;118(24)

PMID:23045396 - Continued DNA synthesis in replication checkpoint mutants leads to fork collapse.

Sabatinos SA et al. Mol Cell Biol 2012 Dec;32(24):4986-97

PMID:18045993 - RFCCtf18 and the Swi1-Swi3 complex function in separate and redundant pathways required for the stabilization of replication forks to facilitate sister chromatid cohesion in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Ansbach AB et al. Mol Biol Cell 2008 Feb;19(2):595-607

PMID:28806726 - Replication fork slowing and stalling are distinct, checkpoint-independent consequences of replicating damaged DNA.

Iyer DR et al. PLoS Genet 2017 Aug;13(8):e1006958

PMID:21518960 - Mrc1 marks early-firing origins and coordinates timing and efficiency of initiation in fission yeast.

Hayano M et al. Mol Cell Biol 2011 Jun;31(12):2380-91

PMID:10947840 - Mis3 with a conserved RNA binding motif is essential for ribosome biogenesis and implicated in the start of cell growth and S phase checkpoint.

Kondoh H et al. Genes Cells 2000 Jul;5(7):525-41

PMID:14508607 - Ibp1p, a novel Cdc25-related phosphatase, suppresses Schizosaccharomyces pombe hsk1 ( cdc7).

Snaith HA et al. Curr Genet 2003 Oct;44(1):38-48

PMID:19205745 - Redundant roles of Srs2 helicase and replication checkpoint in survival and rDNA maintenance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Yasuhira S Mol Genet Genomics 2009 May;281(5):497-509

PMID:28318821 - SNF2 Family Protein Fft3 Suppresses Nucleosome Turnover to Promote Epigenetic Inheritance and Proper Replication.

Taneja N et al. Mol Cell 2017 Apr 06;66(1):50-62.e6

PMID:21971174 - Abundance of prereplicative complexes (Pre-RCs) facilitates recombinational repair under replication stress in fission yeast.

Maki K et al. J Biol Chem 2011 Dec 02;286(48):41701-41710

PMID:17531813 - Cdc18 enforces long-term maintenance of the S phase checkpoint by anchoring the Rad3-Rad26 complex to chromatin.

Hermand D et al. Mol Cell 2007 May 25;26(4):553-63

PMID:9914167 - Reduced dosage of a single fission yeast MCM protein causes genetic instability and S phase delay.

Liang DT et al. J Cell Sci 1999 Feb;112 ( Pt 4):559-67

PMID:31538680 - The fission yeast FHIT homolog affects checkpoint control of proliferation and is regulated by mitochondrial electron transport.

Sjölander JJ et al. Cell Biol Int 2020 Feb;44(2):412-423

PMID:12062100 - Cid13 is a cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase that regulates ribonucleotide reductase mRNA.

Saitoh S et al. Cell 2002 May 31;109(5):563-73

PMID:39094570 - A replisome-associated histone H3-H4 chaperone required for epigenetic inheritance.

Yu J et al. Cell 2024 Sep 05;187(18):5010-5028.e24

PMID:30824696 - Systematic analysis reveals the prevalence and principles of bypassable gene essentiality.

Li J et al. Nat Commun 2019 Mar 01;10(1):1002

PMID:33313903 - Ribosome profiling reveals ribosome stalling on tryptophan codons and ribosome queuing upon oxidative stress in fission yeast.

Rubio A et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2021 Jan 11;49(1):383-399

PMID:31262821 - Replication fork stalling elicits chromatin compaction for the stability of stalling replication forks.

Feng G et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Jul 16;116(29):14563-14572

PMID:15689488 - Meiotic S-phase damage activates recombination without checkpoint arrest.

Pankratz DG et al. Mol Biol Cell 2005 Apr;16(4):1651-60

PMID:34851403 - Direct evaluation of cohesin-mediated sister kinetochore associations at meiosis I in fission yeast.

Nambu M et al. J Cell Sci 2022 Jan 01;135(1)

PMID:18154680 - Checkpoint effects and telomere amplification during DNA re-replication in fission yeast.

Mickle KL et al. BMC Mol Biol 2007 Dec 21;8:119

PMID:19546237 - TOR complex 2 controls gene silencing, telomere length maintenance, and survival under DNA-damaging conditions.

Schonbrun M et al. Mol Cell Biol 2009 Aug;29(16):4584-94

PMID:15340008 - Requirement for Schizosaccharomyces pombe Top3 in the maintenance of chromosome integrity.

Win TZ et al. J Cell Sci 2004 Sep 15;117(Pt 20):4769-78

PMID:28441348 - Deoxynucleoside Salvage in Fission Yeast Allows Rescue of Ribonucleotide Reductase Deficiency but Not Spd1-Mediated Inhibition of Replication.

Fleck O et al. Genes (Basel) 2017 Apr 25;8(5)

PMID:11313455 - Fission yeast Rad17 associates with chromatin in response to aberrant genomic structures.

Kai M et al. Mol Cell Biol 2001 May;21(10):3289-301

PMID:10409743 - A fission yeast gene, him1(+)/dfp1(+), encoding a regulatory subunit for Hsk1 kinase, plays essential roles in S-phase initiation as well as in S-phase checkpoint control and recovery from DNA damage.

Takeda T et al. Mol Cell Biol 1999 Aug;19(8):5535-47

PMID:15821139 - Systematic deletion analysis of fission yeast protein kinases.

Bimbó A et al. Eukaryot Cell 2005 Apr;4(4):799-813

PMID:15805465 - Replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 regulates Mus81 to preserve genome integrity during replication stress.

Kai M et al. Genes Dev 2005 Apr 15;19(8):919-32

PMID:12960401 - Intra-G1 arrest in response to UV irradiation in fission yeast.

Nilssen EA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003 Sep 16;100(19):10758-63

PMID:15805471 - Ddb1 controls genome stability and meiosis in fission yeast.

Holmberg C et al. Genes Dev 2005 Apr 01;19(7):853-62

PMID:15329725 - Separase-mediated cleavage of cohesin at interphase is required for DNA repair.

Nagao K et al. Nature 2004 Aug 26;430(7003):1044-8

PMID:24478458 - The checkpoint-dependent nuclear accumulation of Rho1p exchange factor Rgf1p is important for tolerance to chronic replication stress.

Muñoz S et al. Mol Biol Cell 2014 Apr;25(7):1137-50

PMID:9487130 - Regulation of telomere length by checkpoint genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Dahlen M et al. Mol Biol Cell 1998 Mar;9(3):611-21

PMID:10757807 - Cid1, a fission yeast protein required for S-M checkpoint control when DNA polymerase delta or epsilon is inactivated.

Wang SW et al. Mol Cell Biol 2000 May;20(9):3234-44

PMID:9870697 - Differential effects of caffeine on DNA damage and replication cell cycle checkpoints in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Osman F et al. Mol Gen Genet 1998 Nov;260(4):319-34

PMID:34228709 - Expression of the cancer-associated DNA polymerase ε P286R in fission yeast leads to translesion synthesis polymerase dependent hypermutation and defective DNA replication.

Soriano I et al. PLoS Genet 2021 Jul;17(7):e1009526

PMID:22797921 - Heat induction of a novel Rad9 variant from a cryptic translation initiation site reduces mitotic commitment.

Janes S et al. J Cell Sci 2012 Oct 01;125(Pt 19):4487-97

PMID:12000964 - Cnd2 has dual roles in mitotic condensation and interphase.

Aono N et al. Nature 2002 May 09;417(6885):197-202

PMID:39387272 - The DNA Damage Repair Function of Fission Yeast CK1 Involves Targeting Arp8, a Subunit of the INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complex.

Cullati SN et al. Mol Cell Biol 2024 Oct 10;:1-15

PMID:12871901 - The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdt2(+) gene, a target of G1-S phase-specific transcription factor complex DSC1, is required for mitotic and premeiotic DNA replication.

Yoshida SH et al. Genetics 2003 Jul;164(3):881-93

PMID:10198041 - Cdc25 inhibited in vivo and in vitro by checkpoint kinases Cds1 and Chk1.

Furnari B et al. Mol Biol Cell 1999 Apr;10(4):833-45

PMID:17304213 - Genome-wide localization of pre-RC sites and identification of replication origins in fission yeast.

Hayashi M et al. EMBO J 2007 Mar 07;26(5):1327-39

PMID:20537132 - Global fitness profiling of fission yeast deletion strains by barcode sequencing.

Han TX et al. Genome Biol 2010;11(6):R60

PMID:22927644 - Replication fork collapse and genome instability in a deoxycytidylate deaminase mutant.

Sánchez A et al. Mol Cell Biol 2012 Nov;32(21):4445-54

PMID:25720772 - Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals pathways for coordination of cell growth and division by the conserved fission yeast kinase pom1.

Kettenbach AN et al. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015 May;14(5):1275-87

PMID:18257517 - Phosphoproteome analysis of fission yeast.

Wilson-Grady JT et al. J Proteome Res 2008 Mar;7(3):1088-97

PMID:33427950 - Checkpoint functions of RecQ helicases at perturbed DNA replication fork.

Ahamad N et al. Curr Genet 2021 Jun;67(3):369-382

PMID:11581276 - Chromodomain protein Swi6-mediated role of DNA polymerase alpha in establishment of silencing in fission Yeast.

Ahmed S et al. J Biol Chem 2001 Dec 21;276(51):47814-21

PMID:15767681 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi1, Swi3, and Hsk1 are components of a novel S-phase response pathway to alkylation damage.

Sommariva E et al. Mol Cell Biol 2005 Apr;25(7):2770-84

PMID:34608864 - DDK/Hsk1 phosphorylates and targets fission yeast histone deacetylase Hst4 for degradation to stabilize stalled DNA replication forks.

Aricthota S et al. Elife 2021 Oct 05;10

PMID:17039252 - DNA damage induces Cdt1 proteolysis in fission yeast through a pathway dependent on Cdt2 and Ddb1.

Ralph E et al. EMBO Rep 2006 Nov;7(11):1134-9

PMID:11313465 - Threonine-11, phosphorylated by Rad3 and atm in vitro, is required for activation of fission yeast checkpoint kinase Cds1.

Tanaka K et al. Mol Cell Biol 2001 May;21(10):3398-404

PMID:12724426 - Role for the fission yeast RecQ helicase in DNA repair in G2.

Laursen LV et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 May;23(10):3692-705

PMID:20065069 - The fission yeast Rad32(Mre11)-Rad50-Nbs1 complex acts both upstream and downstream of checkpoint signaling in the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint.

Willis N et al. Genetics 2010 Apr;184(4):887-97

PMID:21359180 - Phosphorylation of the MBF repressor Yox1p by the DNA replication checkpoint keeps the G1/S cell-cycle transcriptional program active.

Caetano C et al. PLoS One 2011 Feb 16;6(2):e17211

PMID:26201080 - The DNA-Binding Domain of S. pombe Mrc1 (Claspin) Acts to Enhance Stalling at Replication Barriers.

Zech J et al. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0132595

PMID:18385517 - Cds1 controls the release of Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1 from the nucleolus to drive full activation of the checkpoint response to replication stress in fission yeast.

Díaz-Cuervo H et al. Mol Biol Cell 2008 Jun;19(6):2488-99

PMID:19037101 - Mus81, Rhp51(Rad51), and Rqh1 form an epistatic pathway required for the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint.

Willis N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2009 Feb;20(3):819-33

PMID:11226171 - Novel functional requirements for non-homologous DNA end joining in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Manolis KG et al. EMBO J 2001 Jan 15;20(1-2):210-21

PMID:9693370 - Mutational effect of fission yeast polalpha on cell cycle events.

Bhaumik D et al. Mol Biol Cell 1998 Aug;9(8):2107-23

PMID:21712547 - Mitotic substrates of the kinase aurora with roles in chromatin regulation identified through quantitative phosphoproteomics of fission yeast.

Koch A et al. Sci Signal 2011 Jun 28;4(179):rs6

PMID:28775153 - Screening and purification of natural products from actinomycetes that affect the cell shape of fission yeast.

Lewis RA et al. J Cell Sci 2017 Sep 15;130(18):3173-3185

PMID:15498101 - Germinating fission yeast spores delay in G1 in response to UV irradiation.

Nilssen EA et al. BMC Cell Biol 2004 Oct 21;5(1):40

PMID:18093330 - Checkpoint independence of most DNA replication origins in fission yeast.

Mickle KL et al. BMC Mol Biol 2007 Dec 19;8:112

PMID:12930957 - Nuclear factories for signalling and repairing DNA double strand breaks in living fission yeast.

Meister P et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Sep 01;31(17):5064-73

PMID:16738311 - Fission yeast Cid12 has dual functions in chromosome segregation and checkpoint control.

Win TZ et al. Mol Cell Biol 2006 Jun;26(12):4435-47

PMID:11359920 - Regulation of initiation of S phase, replication checkpoint signaling, and maintenance of mitotic chromosome structures during S phase by Hsk1 kinase in the fission yeast.

Takeda T et al. Mol Biol Cell 2001 May;12(5):1257-74

PMID:11715016 - Mrc1 transduces signals of DNA replication stress to activate Rad53.

Alcasabas AA et al. Nat Cell Biol 2001 Nov;3(11):958-65

PMID:16823372 - ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Matsuyama A et al. Nat Biotechnol 2006 Jul;24(7):841-7

PMID:19750219 - The role of specific checkpoint-induced S-phase transcripts in resistance to replicative stress.

Dutta C et al. PLoS One 2009 Sep 11;4(9):e6944

PMID:17264117 - Caf1 regulates translocation of ribonucleotide reductase by releasing nucleoplasmic Spd1-Suc22 assembly.

Takahashi S et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2007;35(4):1187-97

PMID:26368543 - Critical Function of γH2A in S-Phase.

Mejia-Ramirez E et al. PLoS Genet 2015 Sep;11(9):e1005517

PMID:39705284 - Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal that TORC1 is reactivated by pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in fission yeast.

Bérard M et al. PLoS Biol 2024 Dec 20;22(12):e3002963

PMID:16849602 - Regulation of DNA replication machinery by Mrc1 in fission yeast.

Nitani N et al. Genetics 2006 Sep;174(1):155-65

PMID:12196391 - Telomere binding of checkpoint sensor and DNA repair proteins contributes to maintenance of functional fission yeast telomeres.

Nakamura TM et al. Genetics 2002 Aug;161(4):1437-52

PMID:11606526 - Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcm7(+) and cdc23(+) (MCM10) and interactions with replication checkpoints.

Liang DT et al. Genetics 2001 Oct;159(2):471-86

PMID:26890608 - A functional genome-wide genetic screening identifies new pathways controlling the G1/S transcriptional wave.

Gaspa L et al. Cell Cycle 2016;15(5):720-9

PMID:24663817 - Rad4 mainly functions in Chk1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint pathway as a scaffold protein in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Yue M et al. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e92936

PMID:22036784 - Purification and functional inactivation of the fission yeast MCM(MCM-BP) complex.

Li JJ et al. FEBS Lett 2011 Dec 15;585(24):3850-5

PMID:12032093 - The meiotic recombination checkpoint is regulated by checkpoint rad+ genes in fission yeast.

Shimada M et al. EMBO J 2002 Jun 03;21(11):2807-18

PMID:20176980 - Fission yeast Hsk1 (Cdc7) kinase is required after replication initiation for induced mutagenesis and proper response to DNA alkylation damage.

Dolan WP et al. Genetics 2010 May;185(1):39-53

PMID:12032307 - A single unbranched S-phase DNA damage and replication fork blockage checkpoint pathway.

Marchetti MA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 28;99(11):7472-7

PMID:18180284 - Minichromosome maintenance proteins interact with checkpoint and recombination proteins to promote s-phase genome stability.

Bailis JM et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008 Mar;28(5):1724-38

PMID:11073977 - Damage tolerance protein Mus81 associates with the FHA1 domain of checkpoint kinase Cds1.

Boddy MN et al. Mol Cell Biol 2000 Dec;20(23):8758-66

PMID:7723827 - A kinase from fission yeast responsible for blocking mitosis in S phase.

Murakami H et al. Nature 1995 Apr 27;374(6525):817-9

PMID:22095079 - The double-bromodomain proteins Bdf1 and Bdf2 modulate chromatin structure to regulate S-phase stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Garabedian MV et al. Genetics 2012 Feb;190(2):487-500

PMID:25076038 - Large scale screening of genetic interaction with sgf73(+) in fission yeast.

Guo Y et al. Yi Chuan 2014 Jul;36(7):723-31

PMID:10954610 - The stress-activated MAP kinase Sty1/Spc1 and a 3'-regulatory element mediate UV-induced expression of the uvi15(+) gene at the post-transcriptional level.

Kim M et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2000 Sep 01;28(17):3392-402

PMID:28377506 - Heme deficiency sensitizes yeast cells to oxidative stress induced by hydroxyurea.

Singh A et al. J Biol Chem 2017 Jun 02;292(22):9088-9103

PMID:16252005 - Transactivation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdt2+ stimulates a Pcu4-Ddb1-CSN ubiquitin ligase.

Liu C et al. EMBO J 2005 Nov 16;24(22):3940-51

PMID:18662996 - The DNA replication checkpoint directly regulates MBF-dependent G1/S transcription.

Dutta C et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008 Oct;28(19):5977-85

PMID:14560029 - Swi1 prevents replication fork collapse and controls checkpoint kinase Cds1.

Noguchi E et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 Nov;23(21):7861-74

PMID:19264558 - Screening a genome-wide S. pombe deletion library identifies novel genes and pathways involved in genome stability maintenance.

Deshpande GP et al. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009 May 01;8(5):672-9

PMID:23322785 - The fission yeast minichromosome maintenance (MCM)-binding protein (MCM-BP), Mcb1, regulates MCM function during prereplicative complex formation in DNA replication.

Santosa V et al. J Biol Chem 2013 Mar 08;288(10):6864-80

PMID:12620220 - The telomere protein Taz1 is required to prevent and repair genomic DNA breaks.

Miller KM et al. Mol Cell 2003 Feb;11(2):303-13

PMID:15297457 - On the slowing of S phase in response to DNA damage in fission yeast.

Kumar S et al. J Biol Chem 2004 Oct 15;279(42):43574-80

PMID:15173168 - Cds1 phosphorylation by Rad3-Rad26 kinase is mediated by forkhead-associated domain interaction with Mrc1.

Tanaka K et al. J Biol Chem 2004 Jul 30;279(31):32079-86

PMID:16618806 - Two-stage mechanism for activation of the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 in fission yeast.

Xu YJ et al. Genes Dev 2006 Apr 15;20(8):990-1003

PMID:9450932 - S-phase-specific activation of Cds1 kinase defines a subpathway of the checkpoint response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Lindsay HD et al. Genes Dev 1998 Feb 01;12(3):382-95

PMID:10683155 - A novel mutant allele of the chromatin-bound fission yeast checkpoint protein Rad17 separates the DNA structure checkpoints.

Griffiths D et al. J Cell Sci 2000 Mar;113 ( Pt 6):1075-88

PMID:24763107 - Absolute proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics during the cell cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission Yeast).

Carpy A et al. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014 Aug;13(8):1925-36

PMID:29635344 - Histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase mobilizes NER factors to regulate tolerance against alkylation damage in fission yeast.

Lim KK et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2018 Jun 01;46(10):5061-5074

PMID:32124033 - Mutation in histone deacetylase clr6 promotes the survival of S. pombe cds1 null mutant in response to hydroxyurea.

Khan S et al. Mol Genet Genomics 2020 May;295(3):695-703

PMID:27398807 - Functional Crosstalk between the PP2A and SUMO Pathways Revealed by Analysis of STUbL Suppressor, razor 1-1.

Nie M et al. PLoS Genet 2016 Jul;12(7):e1006165

PMID:23478021 - Replication fork stability is essential for the maintenance of centromere integrity in the absence of heterochromatin.

Li PC et al. Cell Rep 2013 Mar 28;3(3):638-45

PMID:20799962 - A genetic screen for replication initiation defective (rid) mutants in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Locovei AM et al. Cell Div 2010 Aug 27;5:20

PMID:39789818 - SRPKs Homolog Dsk1 Regulates Homologous Recombination Repair in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Lu G et al. Genes Cells 2025 Jan;30(1):e13192

PMID:19211838 - The role of MRN in the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint is independent of its Ctp1-dependent roles in double-strand break repair and checkpoint signaling.

Porter-Goff ME et al. Mol Biol Cell 2009 Apr;20(7):2096-107

PMID:29092815 - The kinase domain residue serine 173 of S chizosaccharomyce s pombe Chk1 kinase is critical for the response to DNA replication stress.

Coulton N et al. Biol Open 2017 Dec 15;6(12):1840-1850

PMID:11027263 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hsk1p is a potential cds1p target required for genome integrity.

Snaith HA et al. Mol Cell Biol 2000 Nov;20(21):7922-32

PMID:9832516 - Suppressors of cdc25p overexpression identify two pathways that influence the G2/M checkpoint in fission yeast.

Forbes KC et al. Genetics 1998 Dec;150(4):1361-75

PMID:10430579 - Genetic control of telomere integrity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: rad3(+) and tel1(+) are parts of two regulatory networks independent of the downstream protein kinases chk1(+) and cds1(+).

Matsuura A et al. Genetics 1999 Aug;152(4):1501-12

PMID:15347659 - DNA replication checkpoint control mediated by the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2p in fission yeast.

Sugimoto I et al. J Biol Chem 2004 Nov 05;279(45):47372-8

PMID:31483748 - Effects of the microtubule nucleator Mto1 on chromosomal movement, DNA repair, and sister chromatid cohesion in fission yeast.

Zhurinsky J et al. Mol Biol Cell 2019 Oct 01;30(21):2695-2708

PMID:10411894 - Cell cycle regulation of Dfp1, an activator of the Hsk1 protein kinase.

Brown GW et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 Jul 20;96(15):8443-8

PMID:20967229 - Checkpoint-dependent and -independent roles of Swi3 in replication fork recovery and sister chromatid cohesion in fission yeast.

Rapp JB et al. PLoS One 2010 Oct 12;5(10):e13379

PMID:12455694 - mcl1+, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of CTF4, is important for chromosome replication, cohesion, and segregation.

Williams DR et al. Eukaryot Cell 2002 Oct;1(5):758-73

PMID:15550243 - Methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 controls recruitment of Crb2 to sites of DNA damage.

Sanders SL et al. Cell 2004 Nov 24;119(5):603-14

PMID:9857181 - Analysis of Rad3 and Chk1 protein kinases defines different checkpoint responses.

Martinho RG et al. EMBO J 1998 Dec 15;17(24):7239-49

PMID:22682245 - The intra-S phase checkpoint targets Dna2 to prevent stalled replication forks from reversing.

Hu J et al. Cell 2012 Jun 08;149(6):1221-32

PMID:12810074 - A fission yeast homologue of the human uracil-DNA-glycosylase and their roles in causing DNA damage after overexpression.

Elder RT et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Jul 04;306(3):693-700

PMID:23697806 - A genome-wide resource of cell cycle and cell shape genes of fission yeast.

Hayles J et al. Open Biol 2013 May 22;3(5):130053

PMID:11715017 - Mrc1 channels the DNA replication arrest signal to checkpoint kinase Cds1.

Tanaka K et al. Nat Cell Biol 2001 Nov;3(11):966-72

PMID:24478943 - Pcf1, a large subunit of CAF-1, required for maintenance of checkpoint kinase Cds1 activity.

Kunoh T et al. Springerplus 2014;3:30

PMID:25372384 - The MluI cell cycle box (MCB) motifs, but not damage-responsive elements (DREs), are responsible for the transcriptional induction of the rhp51+ gene in response to DNA replication stress.

Sartagul W et al. PLoS One 2014;9(11):e111936

PMID:11027257 - Analysis of fission yeast primase defines the checkpoint responses to aberrant S phase initiation.

Tan S et al. Mol Cell Biol 2000 Nov;20(21):7853-66

PMID:18769921 - Genetic analysis reveals different roles of Schizosaccharomyces pombe sfr1/dds20 in meiotic and mitotic DNA recombination and repair.

Khasanov FK et al. Curr Genet 2008 Oct;54(4):197-211

PMID:9891047 - Mutator phenotype induced by aberrant replication.

Liu VF et al. Mol Cell Biol 1999 Feb;19(2):1126-35

PMID:18344406 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hst4 functions in DNA damage response by regulating histone H3 K56 acetylation.

Haldar D et al. Eukaryot Cell 2008 May;7(5):800-13

PMID:35612306 - Smc5/6 Complex Promotes Rad3 ATR Checkpoint Signaling at the Perturbed Replication Fork through Sumoylation of the RecQ Helicase Rqh1.

Khan S et al. Mol Cell Biol 2022 Jun 16;42(6):e0004522

PMID:10523629 - DNA damage and replication checkpoints in fission yeast require nuclear exclusion of the Cdc25 phosphatase via 14-3-3 binding.

Zeng Y et al. Mol Cell Biol 1999 Nov;19(11):7410-9

PMID:19357077 - Autoinhibition and autoactivation of the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1.

Xu YJ et al. J Biol Chem 2009 Jun 05;284(23):16016-27

PMID:22024164 - Multiple pathways can bypass the essential role of fission yeast Hsk1 kinase in DNA replication initiation.

Matsumoto S et al. J Cell Biol 2011 Oct 31;195(3):387-401

PMID:21336311 - Calcineurin ensures a link between the DNA replication checkpoint and microtubule-dependent polarized growth.

Kume K et al. Nat Cell Biol 2011 Mar;13(3):234-42

PMID:32541066 - RecQ DNA Helicase Rqh1 Promotes Rad3 ATR Kinase Signaling in the DNA Replication Checkpoint Pathway of Fission Yeast.

Ahamad N et al. Mol Cell Biol 2020 Aug 14;40(17)

PMID:35924983 - Genetic-interaction screens uncover novel biological roles and regulators of transcription factors in fission yeast.

Chatfield-Reed K et al. G3 (Bethesda) 2022 Aug 25;12(9)

PMID:14739927 - Regulation of checkpoint kinases through dynamic interaction with Crb2.

Mochida S et al. EMBO J 2004 Jan 28;23(2):418-28

PMID:38718864 - H2B oncohistones cause homologous recombination defect and genomic instability through reducing H2B monoubiquitination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Qin B et al. J Biol Chem 2024 May 06;:107345

PMID:28640807 - Lack of a peroxiredoxin suppresses the lethality of cells devoid of electron donors by channelling electrons to oxidized ribonucleotide reductase.

Boronat S et al. PLoS Genet 2017 Jun;13(6):e1006858

PMID:10521402 - Meiotic DNA replication checkpoint control in fission yeast.

Murakami H et al. Genes Dev 1999 Oct 01;13(19):2581-93

PMID:18615848 - Role of heterochromatin in suppressing subtelomeric recombination in fission yeast.

Bisht KK et al. Yeast 2008 Aug;25(8):537-48

PMID:37200372 - Comprehensive mutational analysis of the checkpoint signaling function of Rpa1/Ssb1 in fission yeast.

Xu YJ et al. PLoS Genet 2023 May;19(5):e1010691

PMID:12808110 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe checkpoint response to DNA interstrand cross-links.

Lambert S et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 Jul;23(13):4728-37

PMID:16880212 - SUMO-binding motifs mediate the Rad60-dependent response to replicative stress and self-association.

Raffa GD et al. J Biol Chem 2006 Sep 22;281(38):27973-81

PMID:22681890 - Hierarchical modularity and the evolution of genetic interactomes across species.

Ryan CJ et al. Mol Cell 2012 Jun 08;46(5):691-704

PMID:20661445 - Rad3 decorates critical chromosomal domains with gammaH2A to protect genome integrity during S-Phase in fission yeast.

Rozenzhak S et al. PLoS Genet 2010 Jul 22;6(7):e1001032

PMID:26912660 - Gad8 Protein Is Found in the Nucleus Where It Interacts with the MluI Cell Cycle Box-binding Factor (MBF) Transcriptional Complex to Regulate the Response to DNA Replication Stress.

Cohen A et al. J Biol Chem 2016 Apr 22;291(17):9371-81

PMID:21084840 - The Mek1 phosphorylation cascade plays a role in meiotic recombination of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Tougan T et al. Cell Cycle 2010 Dec 01;9(23):4688-702

PMID:32341083 - Active Replication Checkpoint Drives Genome Instability in Fission Yeast mcm4 Mutant.

Kim SM et al. Mol Cell Biol 2020 Jun 29;40(14)

PMID:38188419 - A missense mutation in the suc22 gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase significantly sensitizes fission yeast to chronic treatment with hydroxyurea.

Davi K et al. MicroPubl Biol 2023;2023

PMID:9572736 - Replication checkpoint enforced by kinases Cds1 and Chk1.

Boddy MN et al. Science 1998 May 08;280(5365):909-12

PMID:28774892 - Dialogue between centrosomal entrance and exit scaffold pathways regulates mitotic commitment.

Chan KY et al. J Cell Biol 2017 Sep 04;216(9):2795-2812

PMID:17151242 - Sap1 promotes the association of the replication fork protection complex with chromatin and is involved in the replication checkpoint in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Noguchi C et al. Genetics 2007 Feb;175(2):553-66

PMID:19755492 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cds1Chk2 regulates homologous recombination at stalled replication forks through the phosphorylation of recombination protein Rad60.

Miyabe I et al. J Cell Sci 2009 Oct 15;122(Pt 20):3638-43

PMID:23071723 - DNA polymerase α (swi7) and the flap endonuclease Fen1 (rad2) act together in the S-phase alkylation damage response in S. pombe.

Koulintchenko M et al. PLoS One 2012;7(10):e47091

PMID:16723501 - Rad4TopBP1, a scaffold protein, plays separate roles in DNA damage and replication checkpoints and DNA replication.

Taricani L et al. Mol Biol Cell 2006 Aug;17(8):3456-68

PMID:17189249 - Tel2 is required for activation of the Mrc1-mediated replication checkpoint.

Shikata M et al. J Biol Chem 2007 Feb 23;282(8):5346-55

PMID:19819763 - Mms1-Mms22 complex protects genome integrity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Dovey CL et al. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009 Dec 03;8(12):1390-9

PMID:20885790 - Critical functions of Rpa3/Ssb3 in S-phase DNA damage responses in fission yeast.

Cavero S et al. PLoS Genet 2010 Sep 23;6(9):e1001138

PMID:26918805 - Consequences of abnormal CDK activity in S phase.

Anda S et al. Cell Cycle 2016;15(7):963-73

PMID:17178839 - Fission yeast Cut8 is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, ribosomal DNA maintenance, and cell survival in the absence of Rqh1 helicase.

Kearsey SE et al. Mol Cell Biol 2007 Mar;27(5):1558-67

PMID:25492408 - Meiotic nuclear movements in fission yeast are regulated by the transcription factor Mei4 downstream of a Cds1-dependent replication checkpoint pathway.

Ruan K et al. Genes Cells 2015 Mar;20(3):160-72

PMID:19723888 - Inhibition of type I histone deacetylase increases resistance of checkpoint-deficient cells to genotoxic agents through mitotic delay.

Alao JP et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2009 Sep;8(9):2606-15

PMID:14668484 - Global gene expression responses of fission yeast to ionizing radiation.

Watson A et al. Mol Biol Cell 2004 Feb;15(2):851-60

PMID:21099360 - Hsk1 kinase and Cdc45 regulate replication stress-induced checkpoint responses in fission yeast.

Matsumoto S et al. Cell Cycle 2010 Dec 01;9(23):4627-37

PMID:10559981 - A Rad3-Rad26 complex responds to DNA damage independently of other checkpoint proteins.

Edwards RJ et al. Nat Cell Biol 1999 Nov;1(7):393-8

PMID:16371652 - Production of reactive oxygen species in response to replication stress and inappropriate mitosis in fission yeast.

Marchetti MA et al. J Cell Sci 2006 Jan 01;119(Pt 1):124-31

PMID:14585996 - Replication checkpoint protein Mrc1 is regulated by Rad3 and Tel1 in fission yeast.

Zhao H et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 Nov;23(22):8395-403

PMID:11160827 - Role of fission yeast primase catalytic subunit in the replication checkpoint.

Griffiths DJ et al. Mol Biol Cell 2001 Jan;12(1):115-28

PMID:12839619 - High dosage Rhp51 suppression of the MMS sensitivity of DNA structure checkpoint mutants reveals a relationship between Crb2 and Rhp51.

Smeets MF et al. Genes Cells 2003 Jul;8(7):573-86

PMID:18753627 - Mcm4 C-terminal domain of MCM helicase prevents excessive formation of single-stranded DNA at stalled replication forks.

Nitani N et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 Sep 02;105(35):12973-8

PMID:12186947 - A novel chk1-dependent G1/M checkpoint in fission yeast.

Synnes M et al. J Cell Sci 2002 Sep 15;115(Pt 18):3609-18

PMID:22645654 - Opposing role of condensin hinge against replication protein A in mitosis and interphase through promoting DNA annealing.

Akai Y et al. Open Biol 2011 Dec;1(4):110023

PMID:37787768 - Broad functional profiling of fission yeast proteins using phenomics and machine learning.

Rodríguez-López M et al. Elife 2023 Oct 03;12

PMID:11416129 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells lacking the amino-terminal catalytic domains of DNA polymerase epsilon are viable but require the DNA damage checkpoint control.

Feng W et al. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Jul;21(14):4495-504

PMID:10036242 - Caffeine can override the S-M checkpoint in fission yeast.

Wang SW et al. J Cell Sci 1999 Mar;112 ( Pt 6):927-37

PMID:28903048 - Set2 Methyltransferase Facilitates DNA Replication and Promotes Genotoxic Stress Responses through MBF-Dependent Transcription.

Pai CC et al. Cell Rep 2017 Sep 12;20(11):2693-2705

PMID:31332096 - A tel2 Mutation That Destabilizes the Tel2-Tti1-Tti2 Complex Eliminates Rad3 ATR Kinase Signaling in the DNA Replication Checkpoint and Leads to Telomere Shortening in Fission Yeast.

Xu YJ et al. Mol Cell Biol 2019 Oct 15;39(20)

PMID:20473289 - Analysis of a genome-wide set of gene deletions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Kim DU et al. Nat Biotechnol 2010 Jun;28(6):617-623

PMID:33823663 - A TOR (target of rapamycin) and nutritional phosphoproteome of fission yeast reveals novel targets in networks conserved in humans.

Halova L et al. Open Biol 2021 Apr;11(4):200405

PMID:15226425 - Histone H2A phosphorylation controls Crb2 recruitment at DNA breaks, maintains checkpoint arrest, and influences DNA repair in fission yeast.

Nakamura TM et al. Mol Cell Biol 2004 Jul;24(14):6215-30

PMID:35262697 - Replication stress induced by the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor guanazole, triapine and gemcitabine in fission yeast.

Alyahya MY et al. FEMS Yeast Res 2022 Mar 24;22(1)

PMID:19158664 - Smc5/6 maintains stalled replication forks in a recombination-competent conformation.

Irmisch A et al. EMBO J 2009 Jan 21;28(2):144-55

PMID:26771498 - A Proteome-wide Fission Yeast Interactome Reveals Network Evolution Principles from Yeasts to Human.

Vo TV et al. Cell 2016 Jan 14;164(1-2):310-323

PMID:30154212 - Nutritional cell cycle reprogramming reveals that inhibition of Cdk1 is required for proper MBF-dependent transcription.

Rubio A et al. J Cell Sci 2018 Sep 20;131(18)

PMID:40015273 - A comprehensive Schizosaccharomyces pombe atlas of physical transcription factor interactions with proteins and chromatin.

Skribbe M et al. Mol Cell 2025 Feb 19;

PMID:24861625 - Hyperactive Cdc2 kinase interferes with the response to broken replication forks by trapping S.pombe Crb2 in its mitotic T215 phosphorylated state.

Mahyous Saeyd SA et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2014 Jul;42(12):7734-47

PMID:12514100 - Checkpoint activation regulates mutagenic translesion synthesis.

Kai M et al. Genes Dev 2003 Jan 01;17(1):64-76

PMID:9928931 - The S/M checkpoint at 37 degrees C and the recovery of viability of the mutant poldeltats3 require the crb2+/rhp9+ gene in fission yeast.

Grenon M et al. Mol Gen Genet 1999 Jan;260(6):522-34

PMID:24806966 - The extent of error-prone replication restart by homologous recombination is controlled by Exo1 and checkpoint proteins.

Tsang E et al. J Cell Sci 2014 Jul 01;127(Pt 13):2983-94

PB_REF:0000003 - Disease Association Curation

PMID:22918952 - Multiple protein kinases influence the redistribution of fission yeast Clp1/Cdc14 phosphatase upon genotoxic stress.

Broadus MR et al. Mol Biol Cell 2012 Oct;23(20):4118-28

PMID:19547744 - Evolution of phosphoregulation: comparison of phosphorylation patterns across yeast species.

Beltrao P et al. PLoS Biol 2009 Jun 16;7(6):e1000134

PMID:21511999 - Comparative functional genomics of the fission yeasts.

Rhind N et al. Science 2011 May 20;332(6032):930-6

PMID:17304223 - Replication foci dynamics: replication patterns are modulated by S-phase checkpoint kinases in fission yeast.

Meister P et al. EMBO J 2007 Mar 07;26(5):1315-26

PMID:16354704 - Rhp51-dependent recombination intermediates that do not generate checkpoint signal are accumulated in Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad60 and smc5/6 mutants after release from replication arrest.

Miyabe I et al. Mol Cell Biol 2006 Jan;26(1):343-53

PMID:18682565 - DNA replication checkpoint promotes G1-S transcription by inactivating the MBF repressor Nrm1.

de Bruin RA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 Aug 12;105(32):11230-5

PMID:23101633 - Quantitative analysis of fission yeast transcriptomes and proteomes in proliferating and quiescent cells.

Marguerat S et al. Cell 2012 Oct 26;151(3):671-83

PMID:18667534 - Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint in mutants defective in DNA replication initiation.

Yin L et al. Mol Biol Cell 2008 Oct;19(10):4374-82

PMID:9774107 - Replication checkpoint requires phosphorylation of the phosphatase Cdc25 by Cds1 or Chk1.

Zeng Y et al. Nature 1998 Oct 01;395(6701):507-10

PMID:18414064 - Schizosaccharomyces pombe Orc5 plays multiple roles in the maintenance of genome stability throughout the cell cycle.

Kato H et al. Cell Cycle 2008 Apr 15;7(8):1085-96

PMID:9154809 - A novel mutant allele of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad26 defective in monitoring S-phase progression to prevent premature mitosis.

Uchiyama M et al. Mol Cell Biol 1997 Jun;17(6):3103-15

PMID:29473861 - Nutrient Limitation Inactivates Mrc1-to-Cds1 Checkpoint Signalling in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Fletcher J et al. Cells 2018 Feb 23;7(2)

PMID:15155581 - Chk1 activation requires Rad9 S/TQ-site phosphorylation to promote association with C-terminal BRCT domains of Rad4TOPBP1.

Furuya K et al. Genes Dev 2004 May 15;18(10):1154-64