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protein coding gene - tel1 (SPCC23B6.03c) - ATM checkpoint kinase

Gene summary

Standard name
tel1
Systematic ID
SPCC23B6.03c
Product
ATM checkpoint kinase
Organism
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)
UniProt ID
O74630
ORFeome ID
34/34D04
Characterisation status
biological role published
Feature type
mRNA gene
Genomic location
chromosome III: 1268573..1277541 reverse strand

Annotation

Disease association

MONDO:0008840 - ataxia telangiectasia

References:

MONDO:0700270 - ATM-related cancer predisposition

References:

MONDO:0016419 - hereditary breast carcinoma

References:

GO biological process

GO:0006302 - double-strand break repair

References:

GO:0044773 - mitotic DNA damage checkpoint signaling

References:

GO:1904514 - positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication

References:

GO:0062209 - spatial regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

References:

GO:0000723 - telomere maintenance

References:

GO cellular component

GO:0005829 - cytosol

References:

GO:0005634 - nucleus

References:

GO molecular function

GO:0005524 - ATP binding

References:

GO:0140995 - histone H2A kinase activity

References:

GO:0005515 - protein binding

References:

GO:0004672 - protein kinase activity

References:

GO:0004674 - protein serine/threonine kinase activity

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Modification

MOD:00046 - O-phospho-L-serine

References:

MOD:00047 - O-phospho-L-threonine

References:

MOD:00048 - O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine

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MOD:01148 - ubiquitinylated lysine

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Multi-locus phenotype

FYPO:0002472 - abolished histone H2A phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002597 - abolished histone H2A phosphorylation during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001508 - abolished protein localization to chromatin during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005616 - abolished protein phosphorylation during cellular response to bleomycin

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004550 - abolished protein phosphorylation during cellular response to hydroxyurea

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002471 - abolished protein phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004262 - abolished protein phosphorylation during mitotic G2 phase during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000705 - abolished protein-protein interaction

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002702 - circularized chromosome

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002907 - circularized chromosome during mitotic G1 phase

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004867 - decreased histone H2A phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0008379 - decreased histone H2A phosphorylation during nitrogen starvation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004869 - decreased number of Crb2 foci during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005577 - decreased protein phosphorylation during meiotic cell cycle

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005034 - decreased protein phosphorylation during nitrogen starvation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001838 - decreased protein phosphorylation during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000581 - decreased spore germination frequency

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001355 - decreased vegetative cell population growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002019 - elongated telomeres during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0006872 - increased histone H2A phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002596 - increased histone H2A phosphorylation during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004656 - increased protein localization to telomere during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0006871 - increased protein phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001404 - irregular colony morphology

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003129 - loss of punctate nuclear protein localization during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000245 - loss of viability in stationary phase

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004286 - normal double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004692 - normal protein localization to mitotic spindle midzone

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002099 - normal protein phosphorylation during cellular response to hydroxyurea

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005395 - normal protein phosphorylation during cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002687 - normal telomere length during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002905 - normal telomere maintenance

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0005394 - progressively decreasing vegetative cell population growth rate followed by return to normal growth rate

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0003107 - progressively shortening telomeres during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0000085 - sensitive to camptothecin

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000267 - sensitive to ionizing radiation during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000268 - sensitive to UV during vegetative growth

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Genotypes:

FYPO:0002239 - shortened telomeres during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005404 - telomeric regions absent from linear chromosomes

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000678 - unequal homologous chromosome segregation

References:

Genotypes:

Protein features

PBO:0111757 - phosphoinositide 3-kinase family protein

Qualitative gene expression

PomGeneEx:0000012 - RNA level decreased

References:

Quantitative gene expression

PBO:0011963 - RNA level

References:

Single locus phenotype

FYPO:0003625 - abnormal microtubule cytoskeleton morphology during mitotic interphase

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000705 - abolished protein-protein interaction

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002133 - abolished protein-RNA interaction

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0006010 - abolished shmoo contact with partner cell

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004867 - decreased histone H2A phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0008379 - decreased histone H2A phosphorylation during nitrogen starvation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000708 - decreased mating efficiency

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002097 - decreased protein kinase activity during cellular response to hydroxyurea

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005617 - decreased protein phosphorylation during cellular response to bleomycin

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005577 - decreased protein phosphorylation during meiotic cell cycle

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005034 - decreased protein phosphorylation during nitrogen starvation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001645 - decreased protein-protein interaction

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002484 - increased intergenic meiotic recombination

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0007237 - increased meiotic DNA double-strand break formation near existing double-strand break

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0007238 - increased meiotic double crossover formation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004656 - increased protein localization to telomere during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0006518 - loss of viability in G0

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000245 - loss of viability in stationary phase

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004286 - normal double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0007553 - normal G1 to G0 transition

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001690 - normal growth on camptothecin

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0010017 - normal histone H2B-K33 acetylation during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0004602 - normal linear element morphology

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002966 - normal protein localization to mitotic spindle

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0003576 - normal protein localization to subtelomeric heterochromatin

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002099 - normal protein phosphorylation during cellular response to hydroxyurea

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0003131 - normal protein phosphorylation during cellular response to ionizing radiation

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0005395 - normal protein phosphorylation during cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0000703 - normal protein-protein interaction

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002357 - normal protein-RNA interaction

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0003530 - normal S-phase DNA damage checkpoint

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002687 - normal telomere length during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0001315 - normal vegetative cell morphology

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0009087 - resistance to magnesium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0009043 - resistance to potassium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0006680 - sensitive to bisphenol A

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0007931 - sensitive to egtazic acid

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002239 - shortened telomeres during vegetative growth

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002060 - viable vegetative cell population

References:

Genotypes:

FYPO:0002177 - viable vegetative cell with normal cell morphology

References:

Genotypes:

Taxonomic conservation

PBO:0011065 - conserved in eukaryotes

PBO:0011071 - conserved in eukaryotes only

PBO:0011064 - conserved in fungi

PBO:0011069 - conserved in metazoa

PBO:0011070 - conserved in vertebrates

PBO:0006222 - predominantly single copy (one to one)

Protein features

IDNameInterPro nameDB name
PF02259FATPIK-rel_kinase_FATPFAM
PF02260FATCFATC_domPFAM
PF00454PI3_PI4_kinasePI3/4_kinase_cat_domPFAM
PF11640TANTANPFAM
cd05171PIKKc_ATMPIKKc_ATMCDD
PS00916PI3_4_KINASE_2PI3/4_kinase_CSPROSITE_PATTERNS
PS00915PI3_4_KINASE_1PI3/4_kinase_CSPROSITE_PATTERNS
PS51189FATPIK_FATPROSITE_PROFILES
PS50290PI3_4_KINASE_3PI3/4_kinase_cat_domPROSITE_PROFILES
PS51190FATCFATC_domPROSITE_PROFILES
SM00146pi3k_hr1_6PI3/4_kinase_cat_domSMART
SM01343FATC_2FATC_domSMART
SM01342TAN_2TANSMART
SSF56112Protein kinase-like (PK-like)Kinase-like_dom_sfSUPERFAMILY
G3DSA:3.30.1010.10GENE3D
G3DSA:1.10.1070.11PI3/4_kinase_cat_sfGENE3D
PTHR37079SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN KINASE ATMATM_plantPANTHER
CoilCoilCOILS
mobidb-lite-Disorderdisorder_predictionMOBIDB-Disorder
mobidb-lite-Polardisorder_predictionMOBIDB-Polar

Orthologs

References / Literature

PMID:36793083 - The SAGA histone acetyltransferase module targets SMC5/6 to specific genes.
Mahrik L et al. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023 Feb 16;16(1):6
PMID:15226425 - Histone H2A phosphorylation controls Crb2 recruitment at DNA breaks, maintains checkpoint arrest, and influences DNA repair in fission yeast.
Nakamura TM et al. Mol Cell Biol 2004 Jul;24(14):6215-30
PMID:27229179 - Structure of the intact ATM/Tel1 kinase.
Wang X et al. Nat Commun 2016 May 27;7:11655
PMID:28410370 - A systematic screen for morphological abnormalities during fission yeast sexual reproduction identifies a mechanism of actin aster formation for cell fusion.
Dudin O et al. PLoS Genet 2017 Apr;13(4):e1006721
PMID:24806815 - Mdb1, a fission yeast homolog of human MDC1, modulates DNA damage response and mitotic spindle function.
Wei Y et al. PLoS One 2014;9(5):e97028
PMID:11226171 - Novel functional requirements for non-homologous DNA end joining in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Manolis KG et al. EMBO J 2001 Jan 15;20(1-2):210-21
PMID:23101633 - Quantitative analysis of fission yeast transcriptomes and proteomes in proliferating and quiescent cells.
Marguerat S et al. Cell 2012 Oct 26;151(3):671-83
PMID:10430579 - Genetic control of telomere integrity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: rad3(+) and tel1(+) are parts of two regulatory networks independent of the downstream protein kinases chk1(+) and cds1(+).
Matsuura A et al. Genetics 1999 Aug;152(4):1501-12
PMID:33260998 - High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Combined with Genetic Analysis Brings New Insights into the Understanding of Chromatin Regulation of Cellular Quiescence.
Zahedi Y et al. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Nov 27;21(23)
PMID:23080121 - Mre11 ATLD17/18 mutation retains Tel1/ATM activity but blocks DNA double-strand break repair.
Limbo O et al. Nucleic Acids Res 2012 Dec;40(22):11435-49
PMID:16823372 - ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Matsuyama A et al. Nat Biotechnol 2006 Jul;24(7):841-7
PMID:20661445 - Rad3 decorates critical chromosomal domains with gammaH2A to protect genome integrity during S-Phase in fission yeast.
Rozenzhak S et al. PLoS Genet 2010 Jul 22;6(7):e1001032
PMID:30726745 - Fission Yeast NDR/LATS Kinase Orb6 Regulates Exocytosis via Phosphorylation of the Exocyst Complex.
Tay YD et al. Cell Rep 2019 Feb 05;26(6):1654-1667.e7
PMID:22797921 - Heat induction of a novel Rad9 variant from a cryptic translation initiation site reduces mitotic commitment.
Janes S et al. J Cell Sci 2012 Oct 01;125(Pt 19):4487-97
PMID:20473289 - Analysis of a genome-wide set of gene deletions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Kim DU et al. Nat Biotechnol 2010 Jun;28(6):617-623
PMID:18076573 - Rapamycin sensitivity of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe tor2 mutant and organization of two highly phosphorylated TOR complexes by specific and common subunits.
Hayashi T et al. Genes Cells 2007 Dec;12(12):1357-70
PMID:17209013 - Role of SUMO in the dynamics of telomere maintenance in fission yeast.
Xhemalce B et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 Jan 16;104(3):893-8
PMID:31262821 - Replication fork stalling elicits chromatin compaction for the stability of stalling replication forks.
Feng G et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Jul 16;116(29):14563-14572
PMID:40128540 - Asymmetric activation of dimeric ATM/Tel1 kinase.
Wang P et al. Cell Discov 2025 Mar 25;11(1):30
PMID:20505337 - Roles of the checkpoint sensor clamp Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (911)-complex and the clamp loaders Rad17-RFC and Ctf18-RFC in Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomere maintenance.
Khair L et al. Cell Cycle 2010 Jun 01;9(11):2237-48
PMID:21561865 - The phosphorylation network for efficient activation of the DNA replication checkpoint in fission yeast.
Yue M et al. J Biol Chem 2011 Jul 01;286(26):22864-74
PMID:16537923 - Sterol regulatory element binding protein is a principal regulator of anaerobic gene expression in fission yeast.
Todd BL et al. Mol Cell Biol 2006 Apr;26(7):2817-31
PMID:12196391 - Telomere binding of checkpoint sensor and DNA repair proteins contributes to maintenance of functional fission yeast telomeres.
Nakamura TM et al. Genetics 2002 Aug;161(4):1437-52
PMID:18931302 - Significant conservation of synthetic lethal genetic interaction networks between distantly related eukaryotes.
Dixon SJ et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 Oct 28;105(43):16653-8
PMID:19037101 - Mus81, Rhp51(Rad51), and Rqh1 form an epistatic pathway required for the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint.
Willis N et al. Mol Biol Cell 2009 Feb;20(3):819-33
PB_REF:0000006 - Disease associations from Monarch via human-pombe orthologs
GO_REF:0000043 - Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
PMID:20140190 - A kinase-independent role for the Rad3(ATR)-Rad26(ATRIP) complex in recruitment of Tel1(ATM) to telomeres in fission yeast.
Subramanian L et al. PLoS Genet 2010 Feb 05;6(2):e1000839
PMID:9771717 - Circular chromosome formation in a fission yeast mutant defective in two ATM homologues.
Naito T et al. Nat Genet 1998 Oct;20(2):203-6
PMID:24312672 - A quality control mechanism linking meiotic success to release of ascospores.
Guo H et al. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e82758
PMID:24493214 - ATP-driven Rad50 conformations regulate DNA tethering, end resection, and ATM checkpoint signaling.
Deshpande RA et al. EMBO J 2014 Mar 03;33(5):482-500
PMID:37787768 - Broad functional profiling of fission yeast proteins using phenomics and machine learning.
Rodríguez-López M et al. Elife 2023 Oct 03;12
PMID:22681890 - Hierarchical modularity and the evolution of genetic interactomes across species.
Ryan CJ et al. Mol Cell 2012 Jun 08;46(5):691-704
PMID:24925530 - Tpz1TPP1 SUMOylation reveals evolutionary conservation of SUMO-dependent Stn1 telomere association.
Garg M et al. EMBO Rep 2014 Aug;15(8):871-7
PMID:29851556 - Mre11-Rad50-dependent activity of ATM/Tel1 at DNA breaks and telomeres in the absence of Nbs1.
Limbo O et al. Mol Biol Cell 2018 Jun 01;29(11):1389-1399
PMID:18160711 - Recombination-based telomere maintenance is dependent on Tel1-MRN and Rap1 and inhibited by telomerase, Taz1, and Ku in fission yeast.
Subramanian L et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008 Mar;28(5):1443-55
PMID:19197239 - Tdp1 protects against oxidative DNA damage in non-dividing fission yeast.
Ben Hassine S et al. EMBO J 2009 Mar 18;28(6):632-40
PMID:21098122 - Mre11 nuclease activity and Ctp1 regulate Chk1 activation by Rad3ATR and Tel1ATM checkpoint kinases at double-strand breaks.
Limbo O et al. Mol Cell Biol 2011 Feb;31(3):573-83
PMID:40015273 - A comprehensive Schizosaccharomyces pombe atlas of physical transcription factor interactions with proteins and chromatin.
Skribbe M et al. Mol Cell 2025 Feb 19;
PMID:38971312 - TORC2 is required for accumulation of γH2A in response to DNA damage.
Cohen A et al. J Biol Chem 2024 Jul 04;:107531
PMID:37970674 - SUMOylation regulates Lem2 function in centromere clustering and silencing.
Strachan J et al. J Cell Sci 2023 Dec 01;136(23)
PMID:12589755 - The fission yeast spSet1p is a histone H3-K4 methyltransferase that functions in telomere maintenance and DNA repair in an ATM kinase Rad3-dependent pathway.
Kanoh J et al. J Mol Biol 2003 Feb 28;326(4):1081-94
PMID:12944482 - The fission yeast Rad32 (Mre11)-Rad50-Nbs1 complex is required for the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint.
Chahwan C et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 Sep;23(18):6564-73
PMID:19546237 - TOR complex 2 controls gene silencing, telomere length maintenance, and survival under DNA-damaging conditions.
Schonbrun M et al. Mol Cell Biol 2009 Aug;29(16):4584-94
PMID:22761595 - The Rad4(TopBP1) ATR-activation domain functions in G1/S phase in a chromatin-dependent manner.
Lin SJ et al. PLoS Genet 2012 Jun;8(6):e1002801
GO_REF:0000033 - Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
PMID:26746798 - Inner nuclear membrane protein Lem2 facilitates Rad3-mediated checkpoint signaling under replication stress induced by nucleotide depletion in fission yeast.
Xu YJ Cell Signal 2016 Apr;28(4):235-45
PMID:21511999 - Comparative functional genomics of the fission yeasts.
Rhind N et al. Science 2011 May 20;332(6032):930-6
PMID:26368543 - Critical Function of γH2A in S-Phase.
Mejia-Ramirez E et al. PLoS Genet 2015 Sep;11(9):e1005517
PMID:30647105 - Comparative Genomic Screen in Two Yeasts Reveals Conserved Pathways in the Response Network to Phenol Stress.
Alhoch B et al. G3 (Bethesda) 2019 Mar 07;9(3):639-650
PMID:19714219 - Fission yeast Tel1(ATM) and Rad3(ATR) promote telomere protection and telomerase recruitment.
Moser BA et al. PLoS Genet 2009 Aug;5(8):e1000622
PMID:23697806 - A genome-wide resource of cell cycle and cell shape genes of fission yeast.
Hayles J et al. Open Biol 2013 May 22;3(5):130053
PMID:22101932 - Tel1ATM and Rad3ATR kinases promote Ccq1-Est1 interaction to maintain telomeres in fission yeast.
Moser BA et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011 Nov 20;18(12):1408-13
PMID:15155581 - Chk1 activation requires Rad9 S/TQ-site phosphorylation to promote association with C-terminal BRCT domains of Rad4TOPBP1.
Furuya K et al. Genes Dev 2004 May 15;18(10):1154-64
PMID:18378696 - Molecular characterization of the role of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nip1+/ctp1+ gene in DNA double-strand break repair in association with the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex.
Akamatsu Y et al. Mol Cell Biol 2008 Jun;28(11):3639-51
PMID:25373780 - A genomic Multiprocess survey of machineries that control and link cell shape, microtubule organization, and cell-cycle progression.
Graml V et al. Dev Cell 2014 Oct 27;31(2):227-239
PMID:18818364 - Conservation and rewiring of functional modules revealed by an epistasis map in fission yeast.
Roguev A et al. Science 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):405-10
PMID:22302936 - Tel1(ATM) and Rad3(ATR) phosphorylate the telomere protein Ccq1 to recruit telomerase and elongate telomeres in fission yeast.
Yamazaki H et al. Genes Dev 2012 Feb 01;26(3):241-6
PMID:15964794 - ATM activation and its recruitment to damaged DNA require binding to the C terminus of Nbs1.
You Z et al. Mol Cell Biol 2005 Jul;25(13):5363-79
PMID:34686329 - The Hsp90 cochaperone TTT promotes cotranslational maturation of PIKKs prior to complex assembly.
Toullec D et al. Cell Rep 2021 Oct 19;37(3):109867
PMID:14585996 - Replication checkpoint protein Mrc1 is regulated by Rad3 and Tel1 in fission yeast.
Zhao H et al. Mol Cell Biol 2003 Nov;23(22):8395-403
PMID:30217891 - Physical basis for long-distance communication along meiotic chromosomes.
Fowler KR et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Oct 02;115(40):E9333-E9342
PMID:25720772 - Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals pathways for coordination of cell growth and division by the conserved fission yeast kinase pom1.
Kettenbach AN et al. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015 May;14(5):1275-87
PMID:19547744 - Evolution of phosphoregulation: comparison of phosphorylation patterns across yeast species.
Beltrao P et al. PLoS Biol 2009 Jun 16;7(6):e1000134
PMID:28357272 - A central role for TOR signalling in a yeast model for juvenile CLN3 disease.
Bond ME et al. Microb Cell 2015 Nov 11;2(12):466-480
PMID:23188080 - The fission yeast MRN complex tethers dysfunctional telomeres for NHEJ repair.
Reis CC et al. EMBO J 2012 Dec 12;31(24):4576-86
PMID:31332096 - A tel2 Mutation That Destabilizes the Tel2-Tti1-Tti2 Complex Eliminates Rad3 ATR Kinase Signaling in the DNA Replication Checkpoint and Leads to Telomere Shortening in Fission Yeast.
Xu YJ et al. Mol Cell Biol 2019 Oct 15;39(20)
PMID:21084840 - The Mek1 phosphorylation cascade plays a role in meiotic recombination of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Tougan T et al. Cell Cycle 2010 Dec 01;9(23):4688-702
PMID:16618806 - Two-stage mechanism for activation of the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 in fission yeast.
Xu YJ et al. Genes Dev 2006 Apr 15;20(8):990-1003